MCDMDecision-makingRankingMath steps

VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (Multicriteria Optimisation and Compromise Solution)

OriginatorOpricovic, S.Year1998Sources1Related methods36

VIKOR (VlseKriterijumska Optimizacija I Kompromisno Resenje (Multicriteria Optimisation and Compromise Solution)) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Opricovic, S. in 1998. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

Q ∈ [0,1] when all alternatives differ in both S and R. A lower Q is preferred. Read the result in two layers: (1) Q-ranking gives a linear order; (2) the compromise set tells which alternatives are practically indistinguishable from the top one — a single best alternative is proposed ONLY when both C1 (advantage of at least 1/(m-1) over the runner-up) AND C2 (top alternative is also best in S or R) hold simultaneously.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • May exhibit rank reversal when alternatives are added to or removed from the set.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Opricovic, S. (1998). Multicriteria Optimization of Civil Engineering Systems. PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Civil Engineering, University of Belgrade

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ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). VIKOR. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/vikor