MCDMDecision-makingNormalizationMath steps

Min-Max Normalization — linear rescaling of each criterion column to [0, 1]

OriginatorHwang, C. L., Yoon, K.Year1981Sources1Related methods8

MIN-MAX-NORMALIZATION (Min-Max Normalization — linear rescaling of each criterion column to [0, 1]) is a normalization multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

Min-max normalisation maps every criterion to [0,1] with 1 = best performer and 0 = worst performer in the current dataset. The result is dataset-dependent: adding or removing alternatives changes all normalised values. Use before methods that require [0,1] inputs (e.g. EDAS, CODAS, MARCOS).

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • Results depend on the chosen normalisation, weights, and parameter settings.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag

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ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). MIN-MAX-NORMALIZATION. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/min-max-normalization

Min-Max Normalization | ScholarGate