MCDMDecision-makingRankingMath steps

Multi-Objective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis

OriginatorBrauers, W. K. M., Zavadskas, E. K.Year2006Sources1Related methods12

MOORA (Multi-Objective Optimisation by Ratio Analysis) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Brauers, W. K. M., Zavadskas, E. K. in 2006. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.

Key highlights

  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.

Intuition

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How it works

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When to use it

y_i can be any real number. Higher y_i (Ratio System) means better. Lower d_i (Reference Point) means better. MOORA produces two rankings — Ratio System (RS) and Reference Point (RP). They may disagree; the full MULTIMOORA method resolves this via dominance theory.

Strengths & limitations

Strengths
  • Follows a transparent, reproducible computational procedure that can be audited step by step.
  • Handles multiple criteria of differing scales and units within a single decision matrix.
Limitations
  • May exhibit rank reversal when alternatives are added to or removed from the set.
  • Assumes full compensation — a strong score on one criterion can offset a weak score on another.

Common pitfalls

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Sources

  1. 1.
    Brauers, W. K. M., Zavadskas, E. K. (2006). The MOORA method and its application to privatization in a transition economy. Control and Cybernetics

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ScholarGate. (2026, June 2). MOORA. ScholarGate. https://scholargate.app/decision-making/moora