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| Item Response Theory (IRT)× | Exploratorische Faktorenanalyse (EFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Fachgebiet≠ | Psychometrie | Statistik |
| Familie | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| Entstehungsjahr≠ | 1952–1968 | — |
| Urheber≠ | Frederic M. Lord (and Allan Birnbaum for the 2PL/3PL models) | — |
| Typ≠ | Probabilistic measurement model | Latent variable / dimension reduction |
| Wegweisende Quelle≠ | Lord, F. M. & Novick, M. R. (1968). Statistical Theories of Mental Test Scores. Addison-Wesley. link ↗ | Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299. DOI ↗ |
| Aliasnamen≠ | IRT, latent trait theory, item characteristic curve theory, modern test theory | common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis |
| Verwandt≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Zusammenfassung≠ | Item response theory models the probability that a respondent answers an item correctly (or endorses it) as a function of the respondent's latent trait level and the item's own statistical properties — difficulty, discrimination, and guessing. Unlike classical test theory, IRT places persons and items on the same scale, yielding measurement that is sample-independent for items and test-independent for persons. | Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance. |
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