Methoden vergleichen

	Fourier-Fixed-Effects-Modell	Fourier-ARDL-Bounds-Test (Fourier ARDL Bounds Test)
Fachgebiet	Ökonometrie	Ökonometrie
Familie	Regression model	Regression model
Entstehungsjahr	2006–2012	2001-2021
Urheber	Enders & Lee (building on Becker, Enders & Lee framework)	Pesaran, Shin & Smith (ARDL foundation); Fourier extension by Nazlioglu and related authors
Typ	Panel regression with Fourier terms	Cointegration / bounds test
Wegweisende Quelle	Enders, W., & Lee, J. (2012). A unit root test using a Fourier series to approximate smooth breaks. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 74(4), 574–599.	Nazlioglu, S., Gormus, A., & Soytas, U. (2021). Oil prices and monetary policy in emerging markets: structural breaks, asymmetries, and Fourier approximations. Energy Economics, 95, 105119.
Aliasnamen	Fourier FE model, Fourier panel fixed effects, trigonometric fixed effects regression, smooth structural break fixed effects	Fourier ARDL, Fourier bounds testing, ARDL with Fourier approximation, F-ARDL cointegration test
Verwandt	6	5
Zusammenfassung	The Fourier fixed effects model extends standard panel fixed effects regression by augmenting the specification with low-frequency Fourier (trigonometric) terms. These sine and cosine components approximate unknown, smooth structural shifts in the time trend without requiring the researcher to pre-specify break dates, combining within-unit identification with flexible trend modelling.	The Fourier ARDL bounds test augments the Pesaran-Shin-Smith cointegration framework with trigonometric (Fourier) terms that capture gradual, smooth structural breaks in the data-generating process. It tests for a long-run level relationship between variables without requiring the researcher to specify the number, timing, or form of structural breaks in advance.