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| Q-System× | Hoek-Browns kriterium for brud× | Optimering af Stope-layout× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fagområde | Minedrift | Minedrift | Minedrift |
| Familie | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Oprindelsesår≠ | 1974 | 1980 | 1960 |
| Ophavsperson≠ | Nick Barton (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute) | Evert Hoek and E. T. Brown | Mining Engineering Practice |
| Type≠ | Empirical index for tunnel support and stability prediction | Empirical criterion for rock mass strength prediction | Optimization framework for underground mine excavation design |
| Oprindelig kilde≠ | Barton, N., Lien, R., & Lunde, J. (1974). Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics, 6(4), 189-236. DOI ↗ | Hoek, E., & Brown, E. T. (2002). The Hoek-Brown failure criterion and GSI: 2018 update. Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering, 10(2), 445-463. link ↗ | Brady, B. H. G., & Brown, E. T. (2004). Rock mechanics for underground mining. Springer Science+Business Media. link ↗ |
| Aliasser≠ | Q Index, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Classification, Barton System | Generalized Hoek-Brown Criterion, HB Criterion | Stope Design, Underground Mine Layout, Panel Design |
| Relaterede | 3 | 3 | 3 |
| Resumé≠ | The Q-System (NGI Index), introduced by Nick Barton and colleagues at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute in 1974, is an alternative rock mass classification to RMR. It combines six parameters into a dimensionless index Q ranging from 0.001 to 1000, where higher Q values indicate better rock quality. The Q-System is particularly valued for tunnel and underground excavation design due to its explicit consideration of joint roughness and groundwater effects. | The Hoek-Brown Criterion, developed by Evert Hoek and E. T. Brown starting in 1980, is an empirical failure criterion that predicts the shear strength of rock masses as a function of confining pressure. It accounts for rock quality (via the Geological Strength Index, GSI) and thus bridges laboratory rock mechanics and field behavior. The criterion is widely used in mining for slope stability, pillar design, and stress analysis. | Stope layout optimization is the process of designing the size, shape, and spatial arrangement of underground mine excavations (stopes) to maximize ore recovery while maintaining safety and economic viability. It balances the desire for large extraction volumes against rock mechanics constraints and support costs. The layout determines mining productivity, capital investment in support systems, and long-term mine life. |
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