Differential single-cell RNA-seq analysis

Differential single-cell RNA-seq (scRNA-seq) analysis is a computational pipeline that compares transcriptomic profiles across biological conditions — such as treated versus untreated, disease versus healthy, or time points — at single-cell resolution. It identifies which genes, cell types, and cell states change between conditions, providing mechanistic insight that bulk RNA-seq comparisons cannot offer. The approach combines clustering, cell-type annotation, and statistical testing, typically using pseudobulk aggregation to account for within-sample correlation.