Compara mètodes

	La prova de límits ARDL (Pesaran Bounds Test)	Estimador de Mitjana de Grup d'Efectes Correlacionats Comuns (CCEMG)	Estimador de Mínims Quadrats Ordinàris Dinàmics (DOLS)
Camp	Econometria	Econometria	Econometria
Família	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
Any d'origen	2001	2006	1993
Autor original	Pesaran, Shin & Smith	M. Hashem Pesaran	Stock & Watson (1993); panel extension Kao & Chiang (2001)
Tipus	Cointegration test / Autoregressive distributed lag model	Heterogeneous panel estimator	Cointegrating regression estimator
Font seminal	Pesaran, M. H., Shin, Y., & Smith, R. J. (2001). Bounds Testing Approaches to the Analysis of Level Relationships. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 16(3), 289–326.	Pesaran, M. H. (2006). Estimation and Inference in Large Heterogeneous Panels with a Multifactor Error Structure. Econometrica, 74(4), 967-1012.	Stock, J. H. & Watson, M. W. (1993). A Simple Estimator of Cointegrating Vectors in Higher Order Integrated Systems. Econometrica, 61(4), 783–820.
Àlies	Pesaran bounds test, bounds testing approach, ARDL cointegration test, ARDL Sınır Testi (Pesaran Bounds Test)	common correlated effects, CCE, CCEMG, Pesaran CCE estimator	DOLS, Stock-Watson dynamic OLS, dynamic least squares cointegration estimator, Dinamik OLS (DOLS)
Relacionats	4	4	5
Resum	The ARDL bounds test is an autoregressive distributed lag method that tests for a cointegrating (long-run level) relationship between time series, introduced by Pesaran, Shin and Smith in 2001. Unlike the Johansen procedure, it remains valid whether the variables are I(0), I(1) or a mix of the two, and it is more reliable than Johansen in small samples of roughly 30 to 80 observations.	The Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimator, introduced by Pesaran in 2006, is a heterogeneous panel-data estimator that controls for cross-sectional dependence by approximating unobserved common factors with the cross-section averages of the variables. It remains consistent when the slope coefficients differ across units.	Dynamic OLS is a cointegrating-regression estimator introduced by Stock and Watson (1993) that recovers the long-run relationship between I(1) variables. It augments the static regression with leads and lags of the differenced regressors, correcting endogeneity bias parametrically so that the long-run coefficient can be estimated by ordinary least squares.