পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	অনিশ্চয়তা পরিমাপ (Uncertainty Quantification)	স্টোকাস্টিক ডিফারেনশিয়াল ইকুয়েশনস (SDEs)
ক্ষেত্র	অনুকরণ	অনুকরণ
পরিবার	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
উদ্ভবের বছর	Seminal modern form: 2002	1944 (theory); 1992 (numerical framework)
প্রবর্তক	Norbert Wiener (polynomial chaos, 1938); extended to Wiener–Askey scheme by Xiu & Karniadakis (2002)	Kiyosi Itô (Itô calculus, 1944); Peter Kloeden & Eckhard Platen (numerical methods, 1992)
ধরন	Computational uncertainty analysis framework	Continuous-time stochastic process model
মৌলিক উৎস	Xiu, D. & Karniadakis, G.E. (2002). The Wiener-Askey Polynomial Chaos for Stochastic Differential Equations. SIAM Journal on Scientific Computing, 24(2), 619–644.	Øksendal, B. (2003). Stochastic Differential Equations: An Introduction with Applications (6th ed.). Springer.
অপর নাম	UQ, polynomial chaos expansion, PCE, Kriging surrogate	SDE, Itô equations, Stokastik Diferansiyel Denklemler (SDE)
সম্পর্কিত	9	4
সারসংক্ষেপ	Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) is a computational framework for systematically measuring how uncertainty in the inputs of a model propagates into uncertainty in its outputs. Building on Wiener's polynomial chaos theory (1938) and formalised for general stochastic problems by Xiu and Karniadakis (2002), UQ uses two primary strategies: Polynomial Chaos Expansion (PCE), which represents the model output as a series of orthogonal polynomials matched to the input distributions, and Kriging (Gaussian process) surrogates, which replace an expensive simulation with a fast statistical approximation fitted to a small set of carefully chosen runs.	Stochastic differential equations (SDEs) are differential equation models that combine a deterministic drift term — governing the average tendency of a system — with a stochastic diffusion term driven by a Wiener process (Brownian motion). Pioneered through Itô calculus by Kiyosi Itô in 1944 and given a comprehensive numerical treatment by Kloeden and Platen in 1992, SDEs are the standard modelling language for continuous-time systems subject to random noise, including financial asset prices, population dynamics, and physical processes.