পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	দীর্ঘ-স্মৃতি মডেল (ARFIMA, FIGARCH)	ARIMA (Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average) মডেল	সাধারণ ন্যূনতম বর্গক্ষেত্র (OLS) রিগ্রেশন
ক্ষেত্র	অর্থায়ন	অর্থমিতি	অর্থমিতি
পরিবার	Regression model	Regression model	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	1980	2015	2019
প্রবর্তক	Granger & Joyeux (ARFIMA); Baillie, Bollerslev & Mikkelsen (FIGARCH)	Box & Jenkins (Box-Jenkins methodology)	Wooldridge (textbook treatment); classical least squares
ধরন	Fractionally integrated time series model	Univariate time-series model	Linear regression
মৌলিক উৎস	Granger, C. W. J. & Joyeux, R. (1980). An Introduction to Long-Memory Time Series Models and Fractional Differencing. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 1(1), 15-29.	Box, G. E. P., Jenkins, G. M., Reinsel, G. C. & Ljung, G. M. (2015). Time Series Analysis: Forecasting and Control (5th ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-1118675021	Wooldridge, J. M. (2019). Introductory Econometrics: A Modern Approach (7th ed.). Cengage Learning. ISBN: 978-1337558860
অপর নাম	ARFIMA, FIGARCH, fractionally integrated models, fractional integration	Box-Jenkins model, ARIMA(p,d,q), ARIMA Modeli	ordinary least squares, classical linear regression, linear regression, en küçük kareler regresyonu
সম্পর্কিত	4	5	5
সারসংক্ষেপ	Long-memory models are fractional-integration methods that capture genuine long memory through a hyperbolically decaying autocorrelation structure. ARFIMA, introduced by Granger and Joyeux (1980), models long memory in return series, while FIGARCH, introduced by Baillie, Bollerslev and Mikkelsen (1996), captures long memory in volatility series; the parameter d measures the degree of fractional integration.	ARIMA is a univariate time-series forecasting model that combines autoregressive, integrated (differencing), and moving-average components to predict a single continuous series from its own past. It is the centrepiece of the Box-Jenkins methodology set out in Box, Jenkins, Reinsel & Ljung's Time Series Analysis (5th ed., 2015).	Ordinary Least Squares is the classical linear regression method that explains a continuous outcome as a linear combination of predictors. It estimates the coefficients by minimising the sum of squared residuals, and under the Gauss-Markov assumptions these estimates are the best linear unbiased estimator (BLUE).