পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	গ্র্যাঞ্জার কার্যকারণ পরীক্ষা	টোডা-ইয়ামামোটা গ্র্যাঞ্জার কার্যকারণ পরীক্ষা	ভেক্টর অটোরিগ্ৰেশন (VAR)
ক্ষেত্র	অর্থমিতি	অর্থমিতি	অর্থমিতি
পরিবার	Regression model	Hypothesis test	Regression model
উদ্ভবের বছর	1969	1995	1980
প্রবর্তক	Clive W. J. Granger	Hiro Toda & Taku Yamamoto	Christopher A. Sims
ধরন	Time-series predictive causality test	Modified Wald test on augmented VAR	Multivariate time-series model
মৌলিক উৎস	Granger, C. W. J. (1969). Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross-spectral Methods. Econometrica, 37(3), 424-438.	Toda, H. Y., & Yamamoto, T. (1995). Statistical inference in vector autoregressions with possibly integrated processes. Journal of Econometrics, 66(1–2), 225–250.	Sims, C. A. (1980). Macroeconomics and Reality. Econometrica, 48(1), 1–48.
অপর নাম	Granger causality test, Granger non-causality test, predictive causality test, Granger Nedensellik Testi	TY Causality Test, Modified Wald Granger Causality, MWALD Test, Toda-Yamamoto Nedensellik Testi	VAR, VAR model, vector autoregressive model, multivariate autoregression
সম্পর্কিত	5	3	5
সারসংক্ষেপ	The Granger causality test, introduced by Clive W. J. Granger in 1969, assesses whether the past values of one time series help predict another beyond what the latter's own past already explains. It defines causality in a strictly predictive sense rather than as a structural or physical cause.	The Toda-Yamamoto (TY) causality test, introduced by Toda and Yamamoto (1995), provides a robust procedure for testing Granger non-causality in vector autoregressive (VAR) models when the variables may be integrated or cointegrated of arbitrary order. By intentionally over-fitting the VAR with extra lags equal to the maximum integration order, the method bypasses the need for pre-testing cointegration and preserves the standard asymptotic chi-squared distribution of the Wald statistic.	Vector Autoregression is a multivariate time-series model in which each variable is regressed on its own lags and the lags of all other variables in the system. Originally proposed by Sims (1980) as a data-driven alternative to large structural macroeconomic models, VAR has become the standard workhorse for dynamic analysis in empirical economics and finance.