পদ্ধতির তুলনা করুন

	EFA for Scale Development	ক্রোনব্যাকের আলফা (নির্ভরযোগ্যতা বিশ্লেষণ)	অনুসন্ধানী উপাদান বিশ্লেষণ (EFA)	প্রধান উপাদান বিশ্লেষণ
ক্ষেত্র	মনোমিতি	পরিসংখ্যান	পরিসংখ্যান	যন্ত্র শিখন
পরিবার	Latent structure	Latent structure	Latent structure	Machine learning
উদ্ভবের বছর	1904 (foundational); contemporary scale-development practice from 1990s onward	1951	—	2002
প্রবর্তক	Primarily Spearman (1904); psychometric scale application formalised by Thurstone (1930s)	Lee J. Cronbach	—	Jolliffe, I.T. (textbook); Pearson & Hotelling (origins)
ধরন	Latent variable / dimension reduction	Reliability / internal consistency coefficient	Latent variable / dimension reduction	Unsupervised dimensionality reduction
মৌলিক উৎস	Costello, A. B. & Osborne, J. W. (2005). Best practices in exploratory factor analysis: Four recommendations for getting the most from your analysis. Practical Assessment, Research & Evaluation, 10(7), 1–9.	Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16(3), 297–334.	Fabrigar, L. R., Wegener, D. T., MacCallum, R. C. & Strahan, E. J. (1999). Evaluating the use of exploratory factor analysis in psychological research. Psychological Methods, 4(3), 272–299.	Jolliffe, I.T. (2002). Principal Component Analysis (2nd ed.). Springer.
অপর নাম	Açımlayıcı Faktör Analizi — Ölçek Geliştirme (EFA), psychometric EFA, scale construction factor analysis	coefficient alpha, alpha reliability, internal consistency reliability, Güvenilirlik Analizi (Cronbach Alpha)	common factor analysis, açımlayıcı faktör analizi, factor analysis	Temel Bileşenler Analizi (PCA), PCA, principal components analysis, Karhunen-Loève transform
সম্পর্কিত	5	4	4	3
সারসংক্ষেপ	Exploratory Factor Analysis for Scale Development is the psychometric application of EFA in which an item pool is administered and the resulting response data are analysed to discover the latent factor structure underlying the items. Originating with Spearman's (1904) factor theory and formalised for applied scale construction by Costello and Osborne (2005) and Fabrigar and colleagues (1999), this variant imposes a stricter sample requirement (n ≥ 100, subject-to-item ratio ≥ 5) and a higher loading threshold (≥ 0.40) than general EFA, and it treats the recovered factor structure as a draft to be subsequently validated by confirmatory analysis.	Cronbach's alpha is a coefficient of internal consistency that quantifies the degree to which a set of items on a scale measures the same underlying construct. Introduced by Lee J. Cronbach in 1951, it remains the most widely reported reliability index in social-science, health, and educational research.	Exploratory factor analysis reduces a large set of observed variables into a smaller number of latent common factors. It is widely used in scale development and psychometrics to uncover the dimensional structure that underlies a set of correlated items, without specifying that structure in advance.	Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is an unsupervised dimensionality-reduction method — given its modern textbook treatment by Ian Jolliffe (2002) — that compresses high-dimensional data into fewer dimensions while preserving the maximum possible variance. It re-expresses correlated variables as a small set of uncorrelated principal components ordered by how much of the data's variation each one captures.