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Богата картина×Методология на меките системи (SSM)×Стратегически подход към избора×
ОбластСтруктуриране на проблемиСтруктуриране на проблемиСтруктуриране на проблеми
СемействоProcess / pipelineProcess / pipelineProcess / pipeline
Година на възникване198119812005
СъздателPeter ChecklandPeter ChecklandJohn Friend & Allen Hickling
ТипDiagrammatic problem-structuring toolInterpretive problem-structuring methodologyIterative group-based problem structuring and decision process
Основополагащ източникCheckland, P. (1981). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-27911-2Checkland, P. (1981). Systems Thinking, Systems Practice. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0-471-27911-2Friend, J., & Hickling, A. (2005). Planning Under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach (3rd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7506-6373-2
Други названияRich Picture Diagram, Soft Systems Picture, Situation Summary Diagram, Zengin ResimSSM, Checkland's SSM, Soft Systems Analysis, Yumuşak Sistemler MetodolojisiSCA, Planning Under Pressure, Stratejik Seçim Yaklaşımı, Interactive Strategic Planning
Свързани332
РезюмеA Rich Picture is a free-form, annotated drawing used in the early exploratory stage of Soft Systems Methodology to represent the full complexity of a problematic situation. Developed by Peter Checkland at Lancaster University, it captures people, roles, concerns, processes, conflicts, and environmental factors in a single visual canvas. It is used primarily by systems analysts, organizational consultants, and action researchers who need to surface multiple stakeholder perspectives before imposing any formal structure on a messy, ill-defined problem.Soft Systems Methodology (SSM) is an interpretive, action-research approach for structuring and managing complex, ill-defined ('soft') problem situations involving human activity. Developed by Peter Checkland at Lancaster University throughout the 1970s and formally presented in 1981, SSM guides practitioners through iterative cycles of inquiry that move from an unstructured problem situation to purposeful action through structured learning rather than optimization.The Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) is an interactive, workshop-based problem structuring method developed by John Friend and Allen Hickling, first published in 1987 and refined in the definitive third edition of Planning Under Pressure (2005). SCA helps groups of planners and stakeholders manage interconnected decisions under uncertainty by explicitly mapping decision areas, option combinations, and sources of uncertainty before committing to action.
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ScholarGateСравнение на методи: Rich Picture · Soft Systems Methodology · Strategic Choice Approach. Извлечено на 2026-06-20 от https://scholargate.app/bg/compare