Deception and Debriefing in Research
Deception in research—withholding information about study procedures, hypotheses, or true purpose—is ethically permissible under limited circumstances when specific criteria are met. The regulatory framework (45 CFR 46.116(a)(5) in the U.S.; APA Ethical Code Section 8.07) allows deception if: (1) it is not reasonably possible to conduct the research without deception, (2) the deception does not involve risks greater than 'minimal risk,' and (3) participants receive full disclosure and the opportunity to withdraw data after debriefing. Deception is particularly common in social and behavioral research (studying prejudice, conformity, ethical decision-making) where awareness of the true hypothesis would fundamentally alter behavior. Understanding when deception is justified and how to implement it ethically is essential for behavioral researchers.
سجل المصدر
تم نسخ الاستشهادات حرفيًا من سجل مصدر المنهج. لا يُستدل على أي تحقق على مستوى الادعاء منها.
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. (2018). Protection of Human Subjects. Code of Federal Regulations Title 45, Part 46, Section 46.116(a)(5). · URL
- American Psychological Association. (2017). Ethical Principles of Psychologists and Code of Conduct. Section 8.07 - Deception in Research. · URL
- The National Commission for the Protection of Human Subjects of Biomedical and Behavioral Research. (1979). The Belmont Report: Ethical Principles and Guidelines for the Protection of Human Subjects of Research. · URL
- Festinger, L., Riecken, H. W., & Schachter, S. (1956). When Prophecy Fails: A Social and Psychological Study of a Modern Group That Predicted the Destruction of the World. University of Minnesota Press. · ISBN 9780816606246
الادعاءات المنسقة
تم حفظ الادعاءات في دفتر الأستاذ الخاص بالأدلة، ولكل منها تقييمها الخاص.
هذه الواجهة لا تخترع تقييمًا للادعاء عندما لا يكون دفتر الأستاذ يحتوي على واحد.
المنهجيات ذات الصلة
تم إنشاؤها من الرسم البياني للمنهج وتظهر كعلاقات مقترحة آليًا - لا يُستدل على أي ادعاء دليل.