قارن الطرق

	مقياس اللامبالاة في مكان العمل	مقياس اختلال التوازن بين الجهد والمكافأة (ERI)
المجال	الصحة المهنية	الصحة المهنية
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	2001	1996
صاحب الطريقة	Lilia M. Cortina, Vicki J. Magley, Janet H. Williams, Regina D. Langhout; based on incivility concept by Andersson & Pearson	Johannes Siegrist
النوع	Self-report questionnaire	Self-report questionnaire
المصدر التأسيسي	Andersson, L. M., & Pearson, C. M. (1999). Tit for tat? The spiraling effect of incivility in the workplace. Academy of Management Review, 24(3), 452-471.	Siegrist, J., Starke, D., Chandola, T., Peter, I., Marmot, M., Theorell, T., ... & Fuhrer, R. (2004). The measurement of effort-reward imbalance at work: European comparisons. Social Science & Medicine, 58(8), 1483-1499.
الأسماء البديلة	WIS, Negative Acts Questionnaire (NAQ) - adapted	ERI
ذات صلة	5	4
الملخص	The Workplace Incivility Scale (WIS) is an assessment tool measuring exposure to low-intensity interpersonal mistreatment in occupational settings. Based on the concept of 'incivility' developed by Andersson and Pearson, and operationalized by Cortina and colleagues in 2001, the WIS captures rude, condescending, and hostile communication, excluding the overt aggression characteristic of workplace bullying or harassment. Workplace incivility is increasingly recognized as a significant occupational health risk with consequences for employee wellbeing, productivity, and organizational culture.	The Effort-Reward Imbalance (ERI) Scale is an occupational stress assessment tool based on a reciprocal model of work stress. Developed by Johannes Siegrist in 1996, the ERI measures the degree to which employees experience imbalance between their job efforts (demands, overcommitment) and job rewards (income, recognition, career prospects, security). The instrument is grounded in social reciprocity theory and has strong evidence linking high imbalance to cardiovascular disease, depression, and burnout.