قارن الطرق

	المربعات الصغرى العادية (OLS) مع أخطاء معيارية قوية	الانحدار المربعات الصغرى الموزون (WLS)
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الإحصاء
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1980	1935
صاحب الطريقة	Halbert White	Alexander Craig Aitken
النوع	Linear regression with robust inference	Weighted linear estimator
المصدر التأسيسي	White, H. (1980). A heteroskedasticity-consistent covariance matrix estimator and a direct test for heteroskedasticity. Econometrica, 48(4), 817–838.	Aitken, A. C. (1935). IV.—On least squares and linear combination of observations. Proceedings of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 55, 42–48.
الأسماء البديلة	HC robust regression, White robust OLS, sandwich estimator OLS, OLS with robust standard errors	WLS, weighted regression, heteroscedasticity-corrected OLS, variance-weighted least squares
ذات صلة	6	3
الملخص	Robust OLS applies ordinary least squares to estimate coefficients and then replaces the classical standard errors with heteroscedasticity-consistent (HC) standard errors — commonly called White standard errors. This leaves the point estimates unchanged while yielding valid t-statistics and confidence intervals even when the error variance is not constant across observations.	Weighted Least Squares is a generalization of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regression that assigns each observation a weight inversely proportional to its error variance, thereby down-weighting high-variance data points and up-weighting precise ones. Introduced in its general matrix form by Alexander Craig Aitken in 1935, WLS is the canonical remedy when heteroscedasticity is present and the error variance structure is known or can be reliably estimated.