قارن الطرق

	التقييم المحايد للمخاطر	نموذج بيتس
المجال	التمويل الكمي	التمويل الكمي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1979	1996
صاحب الطريقة	John Harrison and David Kreps	David S. Bates
النوع	Fundamental Principle	Equity/FX Model
المصدر التأسيسي	Harrison, J. M., & Kreps, D. M. (1979). Martingales and arbitrage in multiperiod securities markets. Journal of Economic Theory, 20(3), 381-408.	Bates, D. S. (1996). Jumps and stochastic volatility: Exchange rate processes implicit in Deutsche Mark options. Review of Financial Studies, 9(1), 69-107.
الأسماء البديلة	Risk-Neutral Measure, Q-Measure	SVJ Model, Jump Diffusion
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Risk-neutral valuation (1979) is the fundamental principle that derivative prices equal the expected payoff discounted at the risk-free rate, computed under a risk-neutral probability measure (Q-measure). This principle, formalized by Harrison and Kreps, eliminates the need to estimate risk premia and is the foundation of modern derivatives pricing.	The Bates model (1996) combines stochastic volatility and jump diffusion to capture both the volatility smile and the implied volatility skew observed in equity and currency option markets. It extends the Heston model by adding a Poisson jump component to returns, making it suitable for pricing options when sudden price moves are expected.