قارن الطرق

	السبلاينات الانحدارية والسبلاينات الملساء	نموذج الجمع المعمم (GAM)	الانحدار متعدد الحدود
المجال	تعلم الآلة	تعلم الآلة	الإحصاء
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1996	1986	2012
صاحب الطريقة	Spline regression literature; P-splines by Eilers & Marx	Trevor Hastie & Robert Tibshirani	Montgomery, Peck & Vining (textbook treatment); classical least squares
النوع	Piecewise-polynomial nonparametric regression	Semi-parametric additive regression model	Linear regression in transformed predictors
المصدر التأسيسي	Eilers, P. H. C., & Marx, B. D. (1996). Flexible smoothing with B-splines and penalties. Statistical Science, 11(2), 89–121.	Hastie, T., & Tibshirani, R. (1986). Generalized additive models. Statistical Science, 1(3), 297–310.	Montgomery, D. C., Peck, E. A. & Vining, G. G. (2012). Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis. Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470542811
الأسماء البديلة	splines, cubic splines, natural splines, smoothing splines	GAM, additive model, spline-based additive regression, Genelleştirilmiş toplamsal model	polynomial least squares, curvilinear regression, Polinom Regresyonu
ذات صلة	4	4	4
الملخص	Regression splines model a nonlinear relationship by fitting piecewise polynomials that join smoothly at a set of points called knots. Cubic and natural splines are the most common, and smoothing splines add a roughness penalty that automatically balances fit against smoothness. Splines are the standard flexible building block for univariate nonlinear regression and the basis of generalized additive models.	A generalized additive model, introduced by Trevor Hastie and Robert Tibshirani in 1986, extends the generalized linear model by replacing each linear term with a smooth, data-driven function of the predictor. This lets the model capture nonlinear relationships while preserving the additive, term-by-term interpretability of regression: each predictor contributes its own estimated curve, and the curves simply add up (on a link scale) to predict the response.	Polynomial regression is a regression method that models non-linear relationships by including squared and higher-degree terms of an explanatory variable, and it is a core tool of response surface analysis. As developed in Montgomery, Peck and Vining's Introduction to Linear Regression Analysis (2012), it remains linear in its parameters even though the fitted curve bends.