قارن الطرق

	التشفير ما بعد الكمومي (كيبر)	التشفير القائم على الشبكات	نظام التشفير RSA
المجال	علم التعمية	علم التعمية	علم التعمية
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	2022	1996	1978
صاحب الطريقة	NIST PQC Standardization Project	Miklós Ajtai	Ronald Rivest
النوع	post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism	public-key cryptosystem based on lattice hardness	asymmetric encryption algorithm
المصدر التأسيسي	Avanzi, R., Bos, J., Ducas, L., & Kiltz, E. (2022). CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm specification and supporting documentation. NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project.	Ajtai, M. (1996). Generating hard instances of the short basis problem. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 99-108.	Rivest, R. L., Shamir, A., & Adleman, L. (1978). A method for obtaining digital signatures and public-key cryptosystems. Communications of the ACM, 21(2), 120-126.
الأسماء البديلة	PQC, quantum-resistant cryptography, quantum-safe	lattice cryptography, post-quantum lattice cryptography	RSA encryption, RSA public-key cryptography
ذات صلة	3	3	4
الملخص	Post-quantum cryptography comprises cryptographic algorithms believed to be secure against both classical and quantum computers. In 2022, NIST standardized post-quantum algorithms including ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium) for signatures. Post-quantum cryptography is essential for systems requiring long-term confidentiality, as adversaries may record encrypted communications today and decrypt them once quantum computers become available.	Lattice-based cryptography is a class of cryptosystems whose security is derived from the computational hardness of lattice problems, particularly the shortest vector problem (SVP) and learning with errors (LWE). First proposed by Miklós Ajtai in 1996, lattice-based approaches have gained prominence as the leading candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Unlike RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum computers, lattice problems are believed to remain hard even against quantum algorithms.	RSA is a foundational public-key cryptosystem developed by Rivest, Shamir, and Adleman in 1978. It enables secure encryption and digital signatures by using a pair of mathematically linked keys: a public key for encryption and a private key for decryption. RSA's security relies on the computational difficulty of factoring large composite numbers into their prime factors.