قارن الطرق

	التشفير ما بعد الكمومي (كيبر)	التشفير القائم على الشبكات
المجال	علم التعمية	علم التعمية
العائلة	Machine learning	Machine learning
سنة النشأة	2022	1996
صاحب الطريقة	NIST PQC Standardization Project	Miklós Ajtai
النوع	post-quantum key encapsulation mechanism	public-key cryptosystem based on lattice hardness
المصدر التأسيسي	Avanzi, R., Bos, J., Ducas, L., & Kiltz, E. (2022). CRYSTALS-Kyber algorithm specification and supporting documentation. NIST Post-Quantum Cryptography Project.	Ajtai, M. (1996). Generating hard instances of the short basis problem. In Proceedings of the 28th Annual ACM Symposium on Theory of Computing, pp. 99-108.
الأسماء البديلة	PQC, quantum-resistant cryptography, quantum-safe	lattice cryptography, post-quantum lattice cryptography
ذات صلة	3	3
الملخص	Post-quantum cryptography comprises cryptographic algorithms believed to be secure against both classical and quantum computers. In 2022, NIST standardized post-quantum algorithms including ML-KEM (CRYSTALS-Kyber) for key encapsulation and ML-DSA (CRYSTALS-Dilithium) for signatures. Post-quantum cryptography is essential for systems requiring long-term confidentiality, as adversaries may record encrypted communications today and decrypt them once quantum computers become available.	Lattice-based cryptography is a class of cryptosystems whose security is derived from the computational hardness of lattice problems, particularly the shortest vector problem (SVP) and learning with errors (LWE). First proposed by Miklós Ajtai in 1996, lattice-based approaches have gained prominence as the leading candidates for post-quantum cryptography. Unlike RSA and ECC, which are vulnerable to quantum computers, lattice problems are believed to remain hard even against quantum algorithms.