قارن الطرق

	اختبار جذر الوحدة للوحة فيليبس-بيرون	اختبار التكامل المشترك بانل إنغل-غرينجر
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1988 (original PP); panel adaptation widely established by 2003	1999
صاحب الطريقة	Phillips & Perron (1988); panel extension by Im, Pesaran & Shin (2003)	Pedroni (1999), extending Engle & Granger (1987)
النوع	Nonparametric unit root test	Cointegration test
المصدر التأسيسي	Im, K. S., Pesaran, M. H., & Shin, Y. (2003). Testing for unit roots in heterogeneous panels. Journal of Econometrics, 115(1), 53-74.	Pedroni, P. (1999). Critical values for cointegration tests in heterogeneous panels with multiple regressors. Oxford Bulletin of Economics and Statistics, 61(S1), 653-670.
الأسماء البديلة	Panel PP test, Phillips-Perron panel unit root, Im-Pesaran-Shin PP panel test, panel nonparametric unit root test	panel cointegration test, panel EG cointegration, Pedroni cointegration test, residual-based panel cointegration
ذات صلة	6	5
الملخص	The Panel PP unit root test extends the nonparametric Phillips-Perron correction for serial correlation to a multi-individual panel setting. It tests the null hypothesis that all cross-sectional units contain a unit root, using a pooled or averaged PP-type statistic that is robust to heteroscedastic and serially correlated errors without requiring explicit lag selection.	The Panel Engle-Granger cointegration test extends the classic two-step Engle-Granger procedure to panel data, allowing researchers to detect long-run equilibrium relationships among integrated variables across multiple cross-sectional units simultaneously. Pedroni (1999) developed panel statistics that pool information across units while allowing heterogeneous short-run dynamics and individual-specific intercepts and trends.