قارن الطرق

	نمذجة الموطن البيئي (Niche Modeling)	مسح المسافات
المجال	علم البيئة	علم البيئة
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1999	1993
صاحب الطريقة	Steven Phillips and David Stockwell	Stephen Buckland
النوع	species distribution prediction	population abundance estimation
المصدر التأسيسي	Phillips, S. J., Anderson, R. P., & Schapire, R. E. (2006). Maximum entropy modeling of species geographic distributions. Ecological Modelling, 190(3-4), 231-259.	Buckland, S. T., Anderson, D. R., Burnham, K. P., Laake, J. L., Borchers, D. L., & Thomas, L. (1993). Distance Sampling: Estimating Abundance of Biological Populations. Chapman and Hall, London.
الأسماء البديلة	species distribution modeling, habitat suitability modeling, ecological niche model, MaxEnt	line transect, point transect, distance estimation, detection probability
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	Niche modeling, also called species distribution modeling (SDM), predicts the geographic range and habitat suitability of species using presence-only or presence-background occurrence data and environmental variables. MaxEnt (Maximum Entropy, Phillips et al. 2006) and GARP (Genetic Algorithm for Rule-set Prediction, Stockwell & Peters 1999) are two prominent algorithms. These methods identify the environmental conditions under which species are likely to occur, enabling prediction of distribution beyond sampled areas and assessment of habitat suitability across landscapes.	Distance sampling is a statistical method for estimating population abundance from data on distances between observers and detected individuals. Developed by Buckland and colleagues (1993) and formalized in the software Distance, this approach accounts for imperfect detection: animals far from an observer are less likely to be detected. By modeling the detection function (probability of detecting an animal at various distances), distance sampling produces unbiased estimates of abundance and density even when detection is incomplete.