قارن الطرق
راجع الطرق التي اخترتها جنبًا إلى جنب؛ الصفوف المختلفة مميَّزة.
| التحليل التفاضلي للأداء على البنود متعدد المستويات (DIF متعدد المستويات)× | تحليل العوامل التأكيدي متعدد المستويات (MCFA)× | |
|---|---|---|
| المجال | القياس النفسي | القياس النفسي |
| العائلة | Latent structure | Latent structure |
| سنة النشأة≠ | 2001 | 1994 |
| صاحب الطريقة≠ | Kamata (2001) and subsequent multilevel IRT/DIF literature | Bengt O. Muthen |
| النوع≠ | Bias detection / multilevel measurement model | Latent variable model / measurement model |
| المصدر التأسيسي≠ | French, B. F., & Finch, W. H. (2008). Multigroup confirmatory factor analysis: Locating the invariant referent sets. Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal, 15(1), 96–113. DOI ↗ | Muthen, B. O. (1994). Multilevel covariance structure analysis. Sociological Methods & Research, 22(3), 376–398. DOI ↗ |
| الأسماء البديلة | multilevel DIF, hierarchical DIF analysis, cross-level DIF, ML-DIF | MCFA, multilevel measurement model, two-level CFA, hierarchical CFA |
| ذات صلة≠ | 5 | 6 |
| الملخص≠ | Multilevel DIF analysis detects whether individual test or survey items function differently across groups when respondents are clustered within higher-level units — such as students nested in schools, employees in organizations, or patients in clinics. By accounting for hierarchical data structure, it separates genuine item bias from artificial DIF signals caused by ignoring clustering. | Multilevel confirmatory factor analysis tests a pre-specified factor structure while simultaneously accounting for the non-independence of observations caused by clustered data. It decomposes item variance into within-group and between-group components, fitting a separate measurement model at each level, making it the standard tool for validating psychometric scales administered within natural groups such as classrooms, clinics, or organisations. |
| ScholarGateمجموعة البيانات ↗ |
|
|