قارن الطرق

	اختبار جوهانسون للتكامل المشترك ونموذج تصحيح الخطأ المتجهي	نماذج الذاكرة الطويلة (ARFIMA, FIGARCH)
المجال	التمويل	التمويل
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	1991	1980
صاحب الطريقة	Søren Johansen	Granger & Joyeux (ARFIMA); Baillie, Bollerslev & Mikkelsen (FIGARCH)
النوع	Multivariate cointegration / vector error correction model	Fractionally integrated time series model
المصدر التأسيسي	Johansen, S. (1991). Estimation and Hypothesis Testing of Cointegration Vectors in Gaussian Vector Autoregressive Models. Econometrica, 59(6), 1551-1580.	Granger, C. W. J. & Joyeux, R. (1980). An Introduction to Long-Memory Time Series Models and Fractional Differencing. Journal of Time Series Analysis, 1(1), 15-29.
الأسماء البديلة	Johansen test, VECM, vector error correction model, multivariate cointegration	ARFIMA, FIGARCH, fractionally integrated models, fractional integration
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	The Johansen procedure is a multivariate cointegration framework, introduced by Søren Johansen in 1991, that tests for long-run equilibrium relationships among several I(1) time series. It determines how many cointegrating vectors link the series and then builds a Vector Error Correction Model (VECM) to describe the short-run dynamics around that equilibrium.	Long-memory models are fractional-integration methods that capture genuine long memory through a hyperbolically decaying autocorrelation structure. ARFIMA, introduced by Granger and Joyeux (1980), models long memory in return series, while FIGARCH, introduced by Baillie, Bollerslev and Mikkelsen (1996), captures long memory in volatility series; the parameter d measures the degree of fractional integration.