قارن الطرق

	اختبار فورييه تودا-ياماموتو للسببية على طريقة جرانجر	نموذج الانحدار الذاتي المتجهي (VAR)
المجال	الاقتصاد القياسي	الاقتصاد القياسي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2019	2005
صاحب الطريقة	Yilanci, Ozgur (building on Toda and Yamamoto 1995; Becker, Enders, and Hurn 2004)	Lütkepohl (textbook treatment); Sims (1980) macroeconometric tradition
النوع	Granger causality test	Multivariate time-series model
المصدر التأسيسي	Yilanci, V., & Ozgur, O. (2019). Testing the Fourier Toda-Yamamoto causality test with an application to energy demand. Energy Economics, 84, 104498.	Lütkepohl, H. (2005). New Introduction to Multiple Time Series Analysis. Springer.
الأسماء البديلة	FTY causality, Fourier TY causality, Toda-Yamamoto causality with Fourier approximation, FTY Granger causality	vector autoregression, VAR, VAR Modeli (Vektör Otoregresyon), vektör otoregresyon
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	The Fourier Toda-Yamamoto (FTY) causality test extends the classical Toda-Yamamoto procedure by embedding Fourier trigonometric terms in the augmented VAR to capture smooth, gradual structural breaks in the deterministic component. It retains the key advantage of the Toda-Yamamoto approach — Granger causality can be tested without pre-testing for integration or cointegration order — while dramatically improving size and power when breaks occur.	Vector Autoregression is a multivariate time-series model that treats several interdependent series symmetrically, letting each variable depend on its own past values and the past values of all the others. It is the standard tool for capturing mutual causality and joint dynamics, developed in the modern multiple-time-series tradition treated by Lütkepohl (2005).