قارن الطرق

	مؤشر رضا العملاء الأمريكي (ACSI)	مقياس جودة الخدمة SERVQUAL
المجال	إدارة التسويق	إدارة التسويق
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1996	1988
صاحب الطريقة	Claes Fornell, Michael D. Johnson, Eugene W. Anderson, Jaesung Cha, Barbara E. Bryant	A. Parasuraman, Valerie A. Zeithaml, Leonard L. Berry
النوع	Structural equation model for satisfaction and loyalty	Multi-dimensional service quality scale
المصدر التأسيسي	Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18.	Parasuraman, A., Zeithaml, V. A., & Berry, L. L. (1988). SERVQUAL: A Multiple-Item Scale for Measuring Consumer Perceptions of Service Quality. Journal of Retailing, 64(1), 12-40.
الأسماء البديلة	ACSI, National Customer Satisfaction Index	Service Quality Instrument, Gap Model
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), developed by Fornell and colleagues in 1996, is a structural equation modeling-based approach to measuring and predicting customer satisfaction across industries and over time. ACSI assesses customer expectations, perceived value, perceived quality, complaints, and loyalty in a unified framework. Since 1994, ACSI data has been collected quarterly on thousands of customers across diverse U.S. industries, making it a key economic indicator and benchmark for organizational performance.	SERVQUAL is a 22-item, multi-dimensional scale developed by Parasuraman, Zeithaml, and Berry in 1988 to measure consumer perceptions of service quality. It captures the gap between customer expectations and actual service performance across five core dimensions: Tangibles, Reliability, Responsiveness, Assurance, and Empathy. The instrument has become the most widely used tool for service quality assessment in marketing research and practice.