قارن الطرق

	مقياس ولاء العملاء	مؤشر رضا العملاء الأمريكي (ACSI)
المجال	إدارة التسويق	إدارة التسويق
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1994	1996
صاحب الطريقة	Alan S. Dick, Kunal Basu	Claes Fornell, Michael D. Johnson, Eugene W. Anderson, Jaesung Cha, Barbara E. Bryant
النوع	Multi-dimensional behavioral and attitudinal loyalty scale	Structural equation model for satisfaction and loyalty
المصدر التأسيسي	Dick, A. S., & Basu, K. (1994). Customer Loyalty: Toward an Integrated Conceptual Framework. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 22(2), 99-113.	Fornell, C., Johnson, M. D., Anderson, E. W., Cha, J., & Bryant, B. E. (1996). The American Customer Satisfaction Index: Nature, Purpose, and Findings. Journal of Marketing, 60(4), 7-18.
الأسماء البديلة	Behavioral Loyalty Scale, Loyalty Commitment Scale	ACSI, National Customer Satisfaction Index
ذات صلة	4	4
الملخص	The Customer Loyalty Scale (CLS) measures customer loyalty as a combination of attitudinal commitment and behavioral intention. Developed by Dick and Basu (1994), the scale distinguishes between behavioral loyalty (repeat purchases) and attitudinal loyalty (emotional commitment), recognizing that true loyalty involves both. CLS captures multiple dimensions of loyalty including repurchase intention, word-of-mouth advocacy, and resistance to competitive offerings. The instrument is widely used in marketing research to predict customer lifetime value and identify at-risk customers.	The American Customer Satisfaction Index (ACSI), developed by Fornell and colleagues in 1996, is a structural equation modeling-based approach to measuring and predicting customer satisfaction across industries and over time. ACSI assesses customer expectations, perceived value, perceived quality, complaints, and loyalty in a unified framework. Since 1994, ACSI data has been collected quarterly on thousands of customers across diverse U.S. industries, making it a key economic indicator and benchmark for organizational performance.