قارن الطرق

	تعديل تقييم الائتمان	التقييم المحايد للمخاطر
المجال	التمويل الكمي	التمويل الكمي
العائلة	Regression model	Regression model
سنة النشأة	2000s	1979
صاحب الطريقة	Jon Gregory	John Harrison and David Kreps
النوع	Valuation Framework	Fundamental Principle
المصدر التأسيسي	Gregory, J. (2009). Counterparty Credit Risk: The New Challenge for Global Financial Markets. John Wiley & Sons.	Harrison, J. M., & Kreps, D. M. (1979). Martingales and arbitrage in multiperiod securities markets. Journal of Economic Theory, 20(3), 381-408.
الأسماء البديلة	CVA, Counterparty Risk Adjustment	Risk-Neutral Measure, Q-Measure
ذات صلة	3	4
الملخص	Credit Valuation Adjustment (CVA) is the market price of counterparty credit risk embedded in over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives. CVA measures the loss from counterparty default, accounting for both the probability of default and the exposure at that time. It has become a key component of derivative valuation and risk management since the 2008 financial crisis.	Risk-neutral valuation (1979) is the fundamental principle that derivative prices equal the expected payoff discounted at the risk-free rate, computed under a risk-neutral probability measure (Q-measure). This principle, formalized by Harrison and Kreps, eliminates the need to estimate risk premia and is the foundation of modern derivatives pricing.