قارن الطرق

	مقياس بيئة الفصل الدراسي	مقياس التعلم من الأقران
المجال	علم النفس التربوي	علم النفس التربوي
العائلة	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
سنة النشأة	1974	2000s
صاحب الطريقة	Moos, R. H.; Trickett, E. J.	Various; based on collaborative learning theory
النوع	Student or teacher survey (True/False)	Self-report questionnaire or observation
المصدر التأسيسي	Moos, R. H., & Trickett, E. J. (1974). Classroom Environment Scale: A method for assessing the social climate of classrooms. Consulting Psychologists Press.	Topping, K. J. (2009). Peer assessment. Theory into Practice, 48(1), 20–27.
الأسماء البديلة	CES	PLS
ذات صلة	5	5
الملخص	The Classroom Environment Scale is a comprehensive instrument measuring the social, emotional, and organizational climate of educational settings. Developed by Moos and Trickett in 1974, the CES assesses students' or teachers' perceptions of classroom relationships, instructional climate, and classroom management. By providing a multidimensional profile of classroom environment, the CES enables educators to identify strengths and opportunities for improvement in classroom culture, directly informing interventions to enhance student engagement, achievement, and well-being.	The Peer Learning Scale measures the extent and quality of collaborative learning experiences among students, capturing the frequency of peer interaction, perceived support from peers, quality of peer feedback, and learning gains from collaboration. Grounded in social-constructivist theory and decades of research on collaborative learning, the PLS assesses a critical dimension of the modern learning environment: peer interaction is not incidental but a core mechanism of learning through explanation, feedback, and distributed cognition.