قارن الطرق

	اختبار مربع كاي بيرسون للاستقلال	اختبار ماكنيمار
المجال	الإحصاء	الإحصاء
العائلة	Hypothesis test	Hypothesis test
سنة النشأة	1900	1947
صاحب الطريقة	Karl Pearson	Quinn McNemar
النوع	Nonparametric association / goodness-of-fit	Nonparametric test for paired binary data
المصدر التأسيسي	Pearson, K. (1900). On the criterion that a given system of deviations from the probable in the case of a correlated system of variables. Philosophical Magazine, Series 5, 50(302), 157–175.	McNemar, Q. (1947). Note on the sampling error of the difference between correlated proportions or percentages. Psychometrika, 12(2), 153–157.
الأسماء البديلة	chi-squared test, χ² test, Ki-Kare Testi, chi-square test	McNemar chi-square test, test for correlated proportions, paired binary test, McNemar Testi
ذات صلة	3	5
الملخص	The chi-square test of independence is a nonparametric hypothesis test that determines whether two categorical variables are statistically associated or independent of one another. Introduced by Karl Pearson in 1900, it remains the standard procedure for analysing contingency tables and requires no assumption of normality — only that observations are independent and that expected cell frequencies are sufficiently large.	McNemar's test is a nonparametric hypothesis test that compares two paired (correlated) binary proportions, such as a yes/no measurement taken on the same subjects before and after an intervention. It was introduced by Quinn McNemar in 1947 and works on the 2×2 table of matched outcomes.