Support for Political Violence Measure
This measure assesses citizens' willingness to endorse violence against political opponents, a key indicator of democratic fragility. Nathan Kalmoe and Lilliana Mason's research, synthesized in Radical American Partisanship (2022), maps a continuum of violent partisan hostility from wishing harm on the other side to endorsing lethal attacks, using representative surveys and embedded behavioral experiments. Because such attitudes are rare and the items are extreme, the measure has prompted vigorous methodological debate, exemplified by Westwood and colleagues' demonstration that inattentive responding and item design can substantially inflate apparent support, making bias correction central to credible estimates.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
- Kalmoe, N. P., & Mason, L. (2022). Radical American Partisanship: Mapping Violent Hostility, Its Causes, and the Consequences for Democracy. University of Chicago Press. · ISBN 9780226820286
- Westwood, S. J., Grimmer, J., Tyler, M., & Nall, C. (2022). Current Research Overstates American Support for Political Violence. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 119(12), e2116870119. · DOI 10.1073/pnas.2116870119
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相关方法
从方法图中生成，显示为机器建议的关系 — 不推断任何证据声明。