Research Design Types
Research design is the overall structure and strategy of a study, encompassing decisions about how to collect, organize, and analyze data to answer research questions. Major design types include experimental (randomized controlled trials), quasi-experimental (non-random assignment), observational (no manipulation), and qualitative (exploratory, interpretive). Donald T. Campbell and Julian Stanley's 1963 seminal work established systematic terminology for internal validity threats in each design type. Modern classifications (Campbell et al., 2002; Creswell & Plano Clark, 2011) also include mixed-methods designs combining quantitative and qualitative elements.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
- Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. · URL
- Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2011). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. · URL
- Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. · URL
精选声明
声明已持久化到证据分类账中，每个声明都有自己的评估。
当分类账中没有声明时，此视图不会自行创建声明评估。
相关方法
从方法图中生成，显示为机器建议的关系 — 不推断任何证据声明。