方法证据记录
Longitudinal Research
Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Longitudinal Research Design
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / research-design
- Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. · ISBN 978-0761922841
- Singer, J. D., & Willett, J. B. (2003). Applied Longitudinal Data Analysis: Modeling Change and Event Occurrence. Oxford University Press. · ISBN 978-0195152968
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