方法证据记录
Longitudinal Ex Post Facto Design
A longitudinal ex post facto design combines the time-depth of longitudinal research with the retrospective logic of ex post facto inquiry. Participants are grouped by a naturally occurring characteristic or past event — not randomly assigned — and then observed or measured at multiple points over time. The goal is to trace how pre-existing differences between groups unfold or predict outcomes across an extended period, without the researcher ever manipulating the independent variable.
源记录
引文逐字复制自方法源记录。这些引文不代表任何层级的验证。
Longitudinal Ex Post Facto Research Design
分类方法记录 · process-pipeline / research-design
- Kerlinger, F. N. (1986). Foundations of Behavioral Research (3rd ed.). Holt, Rinehart and Winston. · ISBN 978-0030417498
- Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. · ISBN 978-0395615560
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