方法对比

	Wilson Information Behavior Model	Sense-Making Methodology
领域	Library Information Science	Library Information Science
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1999	1998
提出者	Tom D. Wilson	Brenda Dervin
类型	Macro-model of information behaviour from need through seeking to use	Methodology and metaphor for studying how people make sense across discontinuity
开创性文献	Wilson, T. D. (1999). Models in information behaviour research. Journal of Documentation, 55(3), 249-270.	Dervin, B. (1998). Sense-making theory and practice: an overview of user interests in knowledge seeking and use. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2(2), 36-46.
别名	Wilson Model of Information Behaviour, Wilson 1981 / 1996 Model, Nested Model of Information Behaviour, Intervening Variables Model	Dervin Sense-Making, Situation-Gap-Use Model, Sense-Making Approach, Gap-Bridging Methodology
相关	3	3
摘要	Tom Wilson's models of information behaviour, first sketched in his 1981 paper 'On user studies and information needs' and revisited in his 1999 'Models in information behaviour research,' provide an overarching map of how information behaviour arises and unfolds. Information need is treated not as a primitive but as something secondary to more basic human needs, emerging from a person-in-context. That need drives information-seeking behaviour, but the path from need to seeking is shaped by intervening variables — psychological, demographic, role-related, environmental and source-related — that act as barriers or enablers, and by activating mechanisms drawn from theories of stress and coping, risk and reward, and self-efficacy. The resulting seeking can take several modes, and information processing and use feed back to alter the original need.	Sense-Making Methodology, developed by Brenda Dervin from the 1970s onward and synthesized in her 1998 overview, is a theory and method for studying how people construct meaning as they move through life and are repeatedly stopped by gaps in their understanding. Its central metaphor pictures a person moving through time-space, halted at a moment of discontinuity (a gap), and building a bridge across it by seeking and using information. Rather than classifying users by demographic traits, Sense-Making asks what situation a person was in, what gap or question they faced, and what help or use they sought — the situation-gap-use triad — elicited through the distinctive Time-Line and Micro-Moment interview. The approach reframes information not as an objective thing transmitted but as a construction people make sense of in context.