方法对比

	加权典型案例抽样	最大变异抽样
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1990s–2000s (as a mixed-methods extension)	1985 (Lincoln & Guba); elaborated 1990–2002 (Patton)
提出者	Derived from Patton's typical case sampling (1990) combined with classical survey weighting principles	Lincoln & Guba; systematised by Michael Quinn Patton
类型	Purposive sampling with probability weighting	Purposive qualitative sampling strategy
开创性文献	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. pp. 236–238 (typical case sampling). ISBN: 978-0761919711	Patton, M. Q. (2002). Qualitative Research and Evaluation Methods (3rd ed.). Sage. Chapter 5: Purposeful Sampling. ISBN: 978-0761919711
别名	weighted purposive typical sampling, probability-weighted typical case selection, typical case sampling with weighting, weighted representative case sampling	maximum variation sampling, maximum diversity sampling, MVS, heterogeneous sampling
相关	6	5
摘要	Weighted typical case sampling combines the purposive logic of typical case selection — choosing cases that represent the modal, average, or most common profile of a population — with post-selection probability weighting. The result is a sample that is both substantively representative (cases reflect the norm) and statistically corrected for differential selection probabilities or population structure. It is used in mixed-methods and survey research where depth of typical examples matters alongside inferential accuracy.	Maximum variation sampling is a purposive qualitative sampling strategy in which the researcher deliberately selects cases that span the widest possible range of variation on dimensions central to the study. The goal is not statistical representation but the identification of common patterns that cut across diverse cases as well as the documentation of the unique ways each context shapes the phenomenon under investigation.