方法对比

	Web Scraping	在线调查
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	Late 1990s–2000s	Mid-1990s (widespread scholarly adoption ~1995–2000)
提出者	Early internet practitioners; systematised in research contexts from the late 1990s onward	Mick P. Couper, Don A. Dillman (early systematic frameworks)
类型	Automated digital data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection technique
开创性文献	Mitchell, R. (2018). Web Scraping with Python: Collecting More Data from the Modern Web (2nd ed.). O'Reilly Media. ISBN: 978-1491985571	Couper, M. P. (2000). Web surveys: A review of issues and approaches. Public Opinion Quarterly, 64(4), 464–494.
别名	web harvesting, screen scraping, web crawling, automated data extraction	web survey, internet survey, e-survey, computer-assisted web interviewing
相关	5	6
摘要	Web scraping is a computational data collection technique in which software automatically retrieves and extracts structured or semi-structured content from websites. Widely used in social science, computational linguistics, economics, and information science, it enables researchers to assemble large datasets from publicly accessible web sources — such as news archives, social media platforms, government portals, and online marketplaces — that would be impractical to collect manually.	An online survey is a structured data collection instrument hosted on a web platform and completed by respondents via internet-connected devices. It enables large-scale, geographically dispersed data gathering at low cost and with rapid turnaround. Respondents self-administer the questionnaire at their convenience, which reduces interviewer bias and permits automatic data capture. Online surveys are the dominant mode of survey research in social, behavioural, health, and market research today.