方法对比

	Waterlow 压力损伤风险评估量表	营养不良筛查工具 (MST)
领域	护理学	护理学
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1985	1999
提出者	Judy Waterlow	Michelle Ferguson
类型	Clinician-rated risk assessment tool	Patient self-report screening tool
开创性文献	Waterlow, J. (1985). A risk assessment tool for pressure sores. Nursing Times, 81(48), 49-55.	Ferguson, M., Capra, S., Bauer, J., & Banks, M. (1999). Development of a valid and reliable malnutrition screening tool for adult acute hospital patients. Nutrition, 15(6), 458-464.
别名	Waterlow Scale, Pressure Ulcer Risk Assessment, Waterlow Score	MST, Malnutrition Screening, Nutritional Risk Screen
相关	3	3
摘要	The Waterlow Pressure Injury Risk Assessment Scale, developed by Judy Waterlow in 1985, is a widely used clinical tool in nursing for identifying patients at risk of developing pressure injuries (formerly called pressure ulcers or bedsores). The scale evaluates multiple risk factors including age, mobility, skin condition, weight/body mass index, appetite, and incontinence status, generating a numerical risk score that guides preventive care intensity. It is standard in hospital, long-term care, and community nursing settings across the United Kingdom, Europe, and internationally.	The Malnutrition Screening Tool (MST), developed by Michelle Ferguson and colleagues in 1999, is a brief, validated screening instrument designed to identify hospitalized patients at risk for malnutrition. The tool consists of two simple questions about recent unintentional weight loss and reduced food intake, yielding a quick numerical score. Since its publication, the MST has become widely adopted in acute hospitals, residential aged care facilities, and community settings as a rapid, reliable first-line screen for nutritional risk.