方法对比

	Visual Anthropology	民族志研究
领域	Anthropology	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2001	1920s–1970s
提出者	Visual anthropology tradition (synthesized by Marcus Banks; ethnographic film lineage)	Anthropology (Malinowski, Boas); applied in health and sociology (Geertz)
类型	Use and analysis of images as ethnographic data and representation	Method
开创性文献	Banks, M. (2001). Visual Methods in Social Research. London: Sage. ISBN: 9780761963646	Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures: Selected essays. Basic Books.
别名	Visual Ethnography, Ethnographic Film and Photography, Image-Based Anthropology, Anthropology of Visual Media	Ethnography, Participatory Observation, Field Research
相关	4	4
摘要	Visual anthropology is the use and analysis of photography, film, video, and other visual artefacts both as ethnographic evidence about a culture and as a means of representing anthropological knowledge. It encompasses images the researcher makes in the field, images that members of a community produce themselves, and images already circulating within a society, and it studies all of them as social objects with meanings and effects. As Marcus Banks frames it, every image carries an internal narrative — what it depicts — and an external narrative — the social relations of its making, circulation, and use — and visual anthropology attends to both.	Ethnographic research is an immersive qualitative methodology in which researchers spend prolonged time in a community, organization, or social setting, combining participant observation, interviews, and document analysis to develop a rich, contextual understanding of a group's beliefs, practices, and social structures. Grounded in anthropology and refined for health, organizational, and social research, ethnography produces 'thick description' (Geertz 1973) that reveals the meaning and context underlying observable behavior.