方法对比

	Urban Network Analysis	Accessibility Analysis
领域	Urban Studies	Human Geography
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2012	1959
提出者	Andres Sevtsuk & Michael Mekonnen	Walter G. Hansen
类型	Graph-based centrality analysis of spatial urban networks	Spatial index of the ease of reaching opportunities from a location
开创性文献	Sevtsuk, A., & Mekonnen, M. (2012). Urban network analysis: A new toolbox for ArcGIS. Revue Internationale de Géomatique, 22(2), 287–305.	Hansen, W. G. (1959). How accessibility shapes land use. Journal of the American Institute of Planners, 25(2), 73–76.
别名	UNA Toolbox, Spatial Network Centrality, Building-Level Network Analysis, Street Network Centrality Analysis	Hansen Accessibility, Gravity Accessibility Measure, Potential Accessibility, Spatial Accessibility Index
相关	4	4
摘要	Urban network analysis treats a city as a spatial graph of streets and buildings and measures the centrality of each location — how reachable, how central, and how well-connected it is along the actual travel network. Formalized in the Urban Network Analysis toolbox by Andres Sevtsuk and Michael Mekonnen in 2012, it differs from generic network science by weighting graph nodes with real urban data such as building floor area or population and by computing centralities within bounded search radii. The result is a set of metrics — reach, gravity, betweenness, closeness, straightness — that quantify the structural role of every building or street segment in the urban fabric.	Accessibility analysis measures how easily opportunities — jobs, shops, clinics, parks — can be reached from a given location, combining the attractiveness (size) of destinations with the cost of travelling to them. The gravity-based formulation introduced by Walter Hansen in 1959 sums the opportunities at all destinations, each discounted by a distance-decay function of travel cost, producing a single accessibility score per origin that has become a foundational concept in transport geography and urban planning.