方法对比

	三角结构化访谈	面对面结构化访谈
领域	调查方法论	调查方法论
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1978 (Denzin's triangulation framework); structured interviews in use from early 20th century	Mid-20th century (formalized 1950s–1960s)
提出者	Norman K. Denzin (triangulation framework); structured interview tradition predates	Cannell, Kahn, and survey methodology tradition
类型	Triangulated quantitative/qualitative data collection technique	Quantitative / mixed-methods data collection
开创性文献	Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill.	Groves, R. M., Fowler, F. J., Couper, M. P., Lepkowski, J. M., Singer, E., & Tourangeau, R. (2009). Survey Methodology (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0470465462
别名	triangulated standardized interview, multi-source structured interview, cross-validated structured interview	FTFSI, personal interview, in-person structured interview, face-to-face survey interview
相关	3	5
摘要	A triangulated structured interview applies the triangulation principle — using multiple independent sources, methods, or perspectives to cross-validate findings — to the structured interview format. The researcher administers the same fixed set of questions across different respondent groups, time points, or complementary data sources, then systematically compares the results to confirm, qualify, or explain discrepancies. This strengthens confidence in the accuracy of the data beyond what any single structured interview session could provide.	A face-to-face structured interview is a data collection method in which a trained interviewer meets each respondent in person and asks a fixed set of questions in a predetermined order, recording responses verbatim or using a closed-response format. It combines the response-rate advantages of personal contact with the standardization of a fixed instrument, making it a cornerstone of large-scale social, health, and policy surveys.