方法对比

	Triad Census	Blockmodeling	Structural Balance Theory
领域	Sociology	Sociology	Sociology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1970	1976	1946 (Heider); 1956 (Cartwright & Harary)
提出者	Paul Holland & Samuel Leinhardt	Harrison White, Scott Boorman & Ronald Breiger	Fritz Heider; formalized by Dorwin Cartwright & Frank Harary
类型	Enumeration of the 16 isomorphism classes of directed triads	Network partitioning into positions and a reduced role structure	Theory and graph-theoretic test for tension in signed relationships
开创性文献	Holland, P. W., & Leinhardt, S. (1970). A method for detecting structure in sociometric data. American Journal of Sociology, 76(3), 492–513.	White, H. C., Boorman, S. A., & Breiger, R. L. (1976). Social structure from multiple networks. I. Blockmodels of roles and positions. American Journal of Sociology, 81(4), 730–780.	Cartwright, D., & Harary, F. (1956). Structural balance: a generalization of Heider's theory. Psychological Review, 63(5), 277–293.
别名	triad count, triadic census, 16-type triad census, MAN triad census	block modeling, blockmodel analysis, generalized blockmodeling, CONCOR	balance theory, Heider balance, signed network balance, structural balance analysis
相关	4	4	5
摘要	The triad census counts how many of a directed network's three-actor subgroups fall into each of the 16 possible types of triad, providing a compact fingerprint of the network's local structure. Introduced by Paul Holland and Samuel Leinhardt in 1970, it is the standard way to test structural theories — balance, clustering, transitivity, ranked clusters — by comparing the observed distribution of triad types against what a random network would produce.	Blockmodeling is a family of methods that simplify a social network by partitioning its actors into positions — groups of actors who are equivalent in their pattern of ties — and summarizing the relations between positions as a compact image, or reduced role structure. Introduced by Harrison White, Scott Boorman, and Ronald Breiger in 1976, it shifts attention from individuals to the structural roles they occupy.	Structural balance theory analyzes networks whose ties carry a sign — positive for liking, alliance, or trust, negative for hostility or distrust — and asks which configurations are psychologically and socially stable. Originating in Fritz Heider's cognitive balance principle and given a graph-theoretic form by Dorwin Cartwright and Frank Harary in 1956, it predicts that signed networks evolve toward states free of the tension produced by inconsistent triads such as 'the friend of my enemy'.