方法对比

	转型混合方法设计	批判性民族志
领域	研究设计	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2003–2009	Late 20th century (~1980s–1993 systematisation)
提出者	Donna M. Mertens; John W. Creswell & Vicki L. Plano Clark	Jim Thomas (systematised); rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory (Adorno, Horkheimer) and feminist/postcolonial traditions
类型	Mixed methods research design	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research (3rd ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1483344379	Thomas, J. (1993). Doing Critical Ethnography. Sage Publications.
别名	transformative design, advocacy mixed methods, emancipatory mixed methods, social-justice mixed methods	critical ethnographic research, critical qualitative ethnography, advocacy ethnography, emancipatory ethnography
相关	6	6
摘要	Transformative mixed methods design embeds a social-justice or advocacy theoretical framework — such as feminism, critical race theory, disability studies, or indigenous worldviews — as the overarching lens that guides every decision about data collection, integration, and use. Both quantitative and qualitative strands serve the goal of advancing equity, challenging power structures, and producing actionable knowledge for marginalized communities.	Critical ethnography is a qualitative research approach that combines sustained fieldwork immersion with explicit critical theory to examine how power, inequality, and ideology shape the lived experiences of marginalised communities. Unlike conventional ethnography, which aims to describe a culture as it is, critical ethnography commits the researcher to questioning what is taken for granted and to producing knowledge that can serve as a resource for social change. Rooted in Frankfurt School critical theory and expanded through feminist, postcolonial, and race-critical traditions, it treats the research process itself as a political act.