方法对比

	先验现象学	案例研究	话语分析	扎根理论
领域	质性	质性	质性研究	质性研究
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1900–1913 (Ideas I, 1913)	1984 (seminal codification)	1989 (Fairclough); 1987 (Potter & Wetherell)	1967
提出者	Edmund Husserl	Robert K. Yin (systematised in Case Study Research, 1984)	Norman Fairclough; Jonathan Potter and Margaret Wetherell	Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss
类型	Qualitative research method	Qualitative research design	Method	Method
开创性文献	Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological Research Methods. Sage. ISBN: 978-0803957466	Yin, R.K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Fairclough, N. (1989). Language and power. Longman.	Glaser, B. G., & Strauss, A. L. (1967). The discovery of grounded theory: Strategies for qualitative research. Aldine.
别名	Husserlian phenomenology, eidetic phenomenology, transcendental-phenomenological research, pure phenomenology	Vaka Çalışması (Case Study), case study design, case study methodology	DA, Critical Discourse Analysis, Discursive Analysis	GT, Grounded Theory Approach
相关	6	5	2	3
摘要	Transcendental phenomenology, founded by Edmund Husserl, is a qualitative method that seeks the universal essential structures — the invariant essences — of a consciously lived experience. By bracketing all assumptions and prior theories (epoché) and applying eidetic reduction, the researcher uncovers what an experience is in its purest, most fundamental form, independent of any particular context, culture, or individual biography. Clark Moustakas's 1994 adaptation made the method directly accessible to social-science researchers.	Case study research is a qualitative research design that investigates a specific phenomenon, individual, group, organisation, or event in depth within its real-world context. Systematised by Robert K. Yin in 1984, it supports single-case and multiple-case designs and draws on multiple data sources — interviews, observation, documents, and artefacts — to build a rich, contextualised account of a bounded unit.	Discourse analysis is a qualitative research methodology that examines how language, communication, and power shape meaning, identity, and social reality. Developed across linguistics, sociology, and psychology (particularly by Norman Fairclough and Jonathan Potter), discourse analysis goes beyond content to analyze language use as a social practice that constitutes and reflects power relations, ideologies, and social structures.	Grounded Theory (GT) is a systematic qualitative research methodology in which theory emerges directly from data through iterative analysis, rather than being imposed before data collection. Developed by Barney Glaser and Anselm Strauss in 1967, GT prioritizes generating explanatory frameworks grounded in evidence.