方法对比

	Tourism Multiplier Analysis	Tourism Satellite Account
领域	Tourism Economics	Tourism Economics
方法族	Regression model	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1982	2008
提出者	Brian H. Archer; John E. Fletcher	UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO
类型	Economic-impact multiplier model for tourism expenditure	Statistical accounting framework for tourism in the system of national accounts
开创性文献	Archer, B. H. (1982). The value of multipliers and their policy implications. Tourism Management, 3(4), 236-241.	United Nations, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO (2010). Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008 (TSA: RMF 2008). United Nations Statistics Division, Series F No. 80/Rev.1.
别名	Tourism Income Multiplier, Keynesian Tourism Multiplier, Tourism Economic Multiplier, Ad Hoc Tourism Multiplier	TSA, Tourism Satellite Accounting, Tourism National Accounting Framework, Satellite Account for Tourism
相关	3	3
摘要	Tourism multiplier analysis quantifies how much total economic activity a destination gains from each unit of tourist spending, once that spending circulates through the local economy. When a visitor pays for a hotel room, the money does not stop there: the hotel pays wages, buys food and laundry services, and its suppliers in turn pay their own staff and suppliers, while households re-spend the incomes they earn. Each round generates further income, output, and jobs, though some money leaks out at every stage through imports, savings, and taxes. The multiplier is the ratio of this total effect to the original injection. Brian Archer's work, especially his 1982 assessment of the value of multipliers, clarified what these figures mean and how they are misused, while John Fletcher's 1989 input-output treatment gave the technique its rigorous modern foundation and its standard typology of income, output, and employment multipliers.	A Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is the internationally agreed statistical framework for measuring the economic contribution of tourism in a way that is consistent with, and comparable to, the System of National Accounts. Because tourism is not a single industry but a demand-defined activity that cuts across accommodation, transport, food service, recreation and more, it is invisible in the standard production-based accounts. The TSA solves this by building a 'satellite' set of accounts that confronts tourism demand (what visitors spend) with tourism supply (what industries produce), and from that reconciliation derives headline aggregates such as tourism direct gross value added and tourism direct GDP. The framework was codified in the Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008, jointly issued by the UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD and UNWTO, giving countries a common, comparable basis for tourism statistics.