方法对比

	Tourism CGE Modeling	Tourism Satellite Account
领域	Tourism Economics	Tourism Economics
方法族	Regression model	Process / pipeline
起源年份	2004	2008
提出者	Larry Dwyer, Peter Forsyth & Ray Spurr (tourism application)	UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO
类型	Economy-wide general-equilibrium simulation model for tourism shocks	Statistical accounting framework for tourism in the system of national accounts
开创性文献	Dwyer, L., Forsyth, P., & Spurr, R. (2004). Evaluating tourism's economic effects: new and old approaches. Tourism Management, 25(3), 307-317.	United Nations, Eurostat, OECD & UNWTO (2010). Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008 (TSA: RMF 2008). United Nations Statistics Division, Series F No. 80/Rev.1.
别名	Tourism Computable General Equilibrium, CGE Tourism Impact Model, General Equilibrium Tourism Analysis, Tourism Economy-Wide Modeling	TSA, Tourism Satellite Accounting, Tourism National Accounting Framework, Satellite Account for Tourism
相关	3	3
摘要	Tourism computable general equilibrium (CGE) modeling simulates how a change in tourism — a surge in inbound visitors, a major event, a new tax, or a demand collapse — ripples through an entire economy when prices, wages, exchange rates, and resources are free to adjust. Unlike input-output analysis, which assumes fixed prices and unlimited supply, a CGE model represents producers, households, government, and the rest of the world as optimising agents linked through markets that must clear. A tourism shock therefore bids up the prices of the resources tourism uses, draws labour and capital away from other sectors, and shifts the exchange rate, so the net economy-wide effect can differ sharply from a naive multiplier. Dwyer, Forsyth and Spurr's 2004 comparison made the influential case that CGE is the preferred technique for evaluating tourism's economic effects when these adjustments matter.	A Tourism Satellite Account (TSA) is the internationally agreed statistical framework for measuring the economic contribution of tourism in a way that is consistent with, and comparable to, the System of National Accounts. Because tourism is not a single industry but a demand-defined activity that cuts across accommodation, transport, food service, recreation and more, it is invisible in the standard production-based accounts. The TSA solves this by building a 'satellite' set of accounts that confronts tourism demand (what visitors spend) with tourism supply (what industries produce), and from that reconciliation derives headline aggregates such as tourism direct gross value added and tourism direct GDP. The framework was codified in the Tourism Satellite Account: Recommended Methodological Framework 2008, jointly issued by the UN Statistics Division, Eurostat, OECD and UNWTO, giving countries a common, comparable basis for tourism statistics.