方法对比

	Time Allocation Study	Anthropological Household Survey
领域	Anthropology	Anthropology
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1984	2017
提出者	Ecological and economic anthropology (synthesized by Gross)	Survey-research tradition adapted to community fieldwork (Bernard)
类型	Research design for characterizing how people allocate time across activities	Structured survey design taking the household as the unit of analysis
开创性文献	Gross, D. R. (1984). Time allocation: a tool for the study of cultural behavior. Annual Review of Anthropology, 13, 519–558.	Bernard, H. R. (2017). Research Methods in Anthropology: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (6th ed.). Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN: 9780759112421
别名	Time Allocation Research, Time Use Study, Time Budget Study, Activity Allocation Study	Household Census, Community Household Survey, Household Economic Survey, Household Roster Survey
相关	4	4
摘要	A time-allocation study is an anthropological research design that measures how people distribute their time across the activities of daily life — subsistence, domestic work, child care, leisure, ritual, and rest — in order to characterize a community's economy and way of life quantitatively. Data are gathered by directly observing what people do (through random spot checks or continuous focal observation) or by collecting recall diaries, and the activities are then expressed as shares of the total time budget. The result is an empirical portrait of how labor and leisure are organized and divided.	An anthropological household survey is a structured or semi-structured, census-style instrument administered to the households of a community to record their composition, economy, and assets in a standardized form. Taking the household rather than the individual as the unit of analysis, it captures who lives together, how they are related, what they own and produce, and how they make a living. Whether applied as a full census of every household or to a representative sample, it turns the texture of community life into comparable, aggregable data that complement participant observation.