方法对比

	Task Analysis (Social Work)	Genogram Analysis	Goal Attainment Scaling
领域	Social Work	Social Work	Social Work
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1992	2008	1968
提出者	William J. Reid & Laura Epstein (task-centered practice)	Monica McGoldrick & Randy Gerson (standardized notation); Murray Bowen (theoretical roots)	Thomas J. Kiresuk & Robert E. Sherman
类型	Qualitative procedure for decomposing a goal into sequenced, accomplishable tasks	Graphical, qualitative family-assessment tool	Individualized, criterion-referenced outcome measurement procedure
开创性文献	Reid, W. J. (1992). Task Strategies: An Empirical Approach to Clinical Social Work. Columbia University Press. ISBN: 9780231076876	McGoldrick, M., Gerson, R., & Petry, S. (2008). Genograms: Assessment and Intervention (3rd ed.). W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN: 9780393705096	Kiresuk, T. J., & Sherman, R. E. (1968). Goal attainment scaling: A general method for evaluating comprehensive community mental health programs. Community Mental Health Journal, 4(6), 443–453.
别名	Task-Centered Task Analysis, Task Implementation Sequence Analysis, Reid Task Analysis, Task Breakdown Analysis (Social Work)	Genogram, Family Genogram, Family Diagram, McGoldrick Genogram	GAS, Goal Attainment Scale, Kiresuk-Sherman Goal Attainment Scaling, Individualized Goal Scaling
相关	3	3	3
摘要	In task-centered social work, task analysis is the qualitative procedure of breaking a client's agreed-upon goal into a sequence of concrete, accomplishable tasks, then examining what helps and hinders the completion of each. Rooted in William Reid and Laura Epstein's task-centered model, it turns a large or vague problem into a chain of small, reviewable actions for the client and worker, and treats the success or failure of each task as data for refining the plan. It is both a planning device and an analytic lens on the change process.	A genogram is a graphical map of a family across at least three generations that uses standardized symbols to record its structure, key biographical and medical events, and the quality of relationships among members. Genogram analysis is the practice of constructing such a map with a client and then interpreting it to reveal intergenerational patterns — of illness, relationships, roles, conflict, and resilience — that shape the presenting situation. Standardized by Monica McGoldrick and Randy Gerson and grounded in Bowen family-systems theory, it is a staple qualitative assessment tool in social work and family therapy.	Goal Attainment Scaling (GAS) is a method for measuring the outcomes of an individualized intervention by writing, in advance, a small set of client-specific goals and defining for each a graded scale of possible outcomes from much worse than expected to much better than expected. After the intervention, the actual outcome on each goal is scored on this scale and the scores are combined into a single standardized index, allowing idiosyncratic, personally meaningful goals to be aggregated and compared across clients and programs. It was introduced by Thomas Kiresuk and Robert Sherman in 1968 to evaluate community mental health programs.