方法对比

	Systemic Functional Analysis	批判性话语分析 (CDA)
领域	语言学	质性
方法族	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
起源年份	1985	Late 1970s–1990s (systematised ~1979–1995)
提出者	M. A. K. Halliday (analytic procedure within Systemic Functional Linguistics)	Norman Fairclough; Teun A. van Dijk; Ruth Wodak
类型	Qualitative functional analysis of texts via metafunctions	Qualitative research method
开创性文献	Halliday, M. A. K., & Matthiessen, C. M. I. M. (2014). Halliday's Introduction to Functional Grammar (4th ed.). Routledge. ISBN: 9781444146608	Fairclough, N. (1992). Discourse and Social Change. Polity Press.
别名	SFL Text Analysis, Metafunctional Analysis, Functional Grammar Analysis	CDA, Critical Linguistics, Discourse-Historical Approach, Dialectical-Relational Analysis
相关	4	6
摘要	Systemic functional analysis is the procedure of analyzing texts through the lens of M. A. K. Halliday's systemic functional linguistics, which holds that every clause simultaneously makes three kinds of meaning. The analyst works through a text clause by clause, examining its ideational meaning (who does what to whom, through the transitivity system of process types and participants), its interpersonal meaning (how the clause enacts a relationship, through mood and modality), and its textual meaning (how it is organized as a message, through theme and rheme). These three metafunctions together let the analyst show, in fine grammatical detail, how a text construes experience, negotiates social roles, and packages information.	Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) is a qualitative method that examines how language in texts and talk constructs, sustains, and challenges relations of power, ideology, and social inequality. Drawing on linguistics, social theory, and critical philosophy, CDA treats discourse not merely as communication but as social practice — a site where dominance is reproduced and where resistance can be articulated. Developed in the late twentieth century by Norman Fairclough, Teun van Dijk, and Ruth Wodak, among others, CDA is applied to political speeches, media texts, policy documents, educational materials, and institutional interactions.