方法对比
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| 调查研究× | 纵向研究× | |
|---|---|---|
| 领域 | 研究设计 | 研究设计 |
| 方法族 | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| 起源年份≠ | Late 19th century; methodologically systematised 1940s–1960s | Late 19th–early 20th century; methodologically codified through the 20th century |
| 提出者≠ | Francis Galton, Charles Booth, and early social statisticians; systematised by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues at Columbia in the 1940s | No single originator; foundational methodological treatments by Stuart Menard and Judith Singer & John Willett |
| 类型≠ | Quantitative (and mixed) non-experimental design | Quantitative (or mixed) observational research design |
| 开创性文献≠ | Fowler, F. J. (2014). Survey Research Methods (5th ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-1452259000 | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922841 |
| 别名 | survey methodology, questionnaire research, survey design, survey study | longitudinal study, longitudinal design, prospective longitudinal study, repeated-measures observational study |
| 相关 | 4 | 4 |
| 摘要≠ | Survey research is a quantitative (and sometimes mixed-methods) design in which a researcher collects standardised self-report data from a sample drawn from a defined population, using a questionnaire or structured interview. It is the dominant non-experimental strategy for describing population characteristics, estimating prevalence, mapping attitude distributions, and testing bivariate or multivariate associations across social, behavioural, and health sciences. | Longitudinal research is an observational design in which the same participants, groups, or units are measured repeatedly over an extended period. Rather than capturing a single snapshot, it tracks change, stability, and temporal sequencing of variables — making it the primary non-experimental strategy for studying development, growth, decline, and the unfolding of causal processes across time. |
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